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Fish Farming in Rice Envirionments of North Eastern India

Document format: pdf

Publisher: Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific

Creation date: June 2002

Fish have been harvested from rice fields as an additional crop since ancient times. Biologically, rice fields can be considered as agriculturally managed marshes, which remain dry for varying periods of time during the year. Physically, the aquatic phase has varying water depth according to the land topography and local rainfall patterns and water tables. In its flooded state, the rice field is a rich and productive biological system which can produce a crop of aquatic organisms, both plant and animal, for human consumption in addition to the rice. The farmers of the Northeastern part of India in all the seven states viz. Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Manipur and Tripura cultivate rice as their staple food. The ecology of their rice fields in the region is quite diverse, but can be divided primarily into upland, lowland and deepwater rice ecosystems. On the basis of water sources there are two types of fields viz., irrigated and rain fed rice fields. In this region of the country, a fish crop is traditionally raised only from the paddies of rain fed lowlands (both shallow and deepwater). In many areas, irrigation-fed rice fields have also been adapted locally by the farmers to include fish farming. Traditional rice-fish production systems have an important socioeconomic part in the life of the farmers and fishers in the region.

Key Words: NACA • India • Rice-Fish Farming • Rice Fields • Polyculture • FAO